Malignancies present with long induction period, and the causative agents may disappear or biodegrade from the environment prior to malignancies detection. The identification and detection of cancer in excess in well-defined geographic area is indicative of cancer clusters. However clusters confirmation does not imply environmental causal factors, but association between geography and the said malignancy. […]
Epidemiologic designs are used in gathering public health data for risk identification, programs planning and outcomes investigation. Often these data are not collected from random probability sampling of the study participants, and yet we quantify the random errors in these studies. Such practice should be discouraged in evidence discovery. Therefore when random variables, which are […]
The core functions of public health stresses the importance of assessment in meeting the substance of public health, which are disease control and health promotions. The assessment component of the public health core function is achieved through the joint effort of epidemiology and biostatistics. Health policy ensures that public health services are provided for the […]
